'Evolution and structure of galaxies'

'The solarize is the substitution body of our wandering(a) system and our near star. The modal(a) exceed from the sunninessniness than the primer 149.6 * 106 km , its diameter is 109 clock big than the Earth , and the muckle in 1300 , 000 times the volume of Earth. Since the muss of the cheer is 1.98 * 1033 g ( 333,000 Earth mickle ), in unison with its volume , we experience that the average parsimony of solar genuine is 1.41 g/cm3 (0.26 average density of the Earth). For know values ​​of the r and the mass of the sun can be run intod that the acceleration of gravity at its climb reaches 274 m/s2 , or 28 times greater than the acceleration c eitherable to gravity at the Earths surface.\nThe sun rotates well-nigh the axis sinistral when viewed from the north rod cell of the ecliptic , ie in the same bearing as the patch around all the planets . If you look at the suns saucer , its gyration is performed from the eastern to the Hesperian edge o f the platter . The axis of whirling of the sun fain to the ecliptic at an tip off of 83 . precisely the Sun does not rotate as a unanimous body . sidereal period of gyration of its equatorial govern is 25 days , near 60 heliographic ( measured from the solar equator ) latitude it is 30 days, and at the poles is 35 days. When observing the Sun by means of a telescope significantly weakening its alacrity to the edges of the discus , since the disk pass through the center of the rays climax from deeper parts and sulfurous sun. Layer , which lies on the border of the nub is transp arent and the sun emits overt lite , called the photosphere . The photosphere is not uniformly gleaming , and detects grainy structure . lurid grain masking the photosphere , called granules. Granules - unstable education, the term of their existence - around 2-3 minutes , and the sizes wheel from 700 to 1400 km . On the surface of the photosphere stand up dirty musca volitans and b right areas called torches. Observations of spot and flares possible to pee the nature of the solar rotation and determine its period.\nAbove the surface of the photosphere is the solar aviation . Its lower mould has a burden somewhatness of about 600 km. The pump of this storey is selectively absorbs light waves such lengths that it itself can give off . When re-emission energy licentiousness occurs as a direct drift of major fraungoferonyh dark lines in the solar spectrum . The next layer of the solar gloriole - the chromosphere has a bright red colour in and is observed at total solar eclipses as red ring shape the dark disk of the moon. The upper bounce of the chromosphere are eternally worried , and whence its thickness ranges from 15,000 to 20,000 km . Prominences ejected from the chromosphere - fountains of hot gases that are visible to the sensitive eye during a total solar eclipse . With a speed of 250-500 km / sec they climb up from the surface of the S un at a distance adequate to an average of 200,000 km, and some of them reach a height of 000 to 1500 km .\nAbove the chromosphere is the solar corona , visible when total solar eclipses as the touch sun - astragal silver halo.'